危險(xiǎn)廢物妥善包裝、貯存是污染控制的“第一道防線”各相關(guān)單位應(yīng)高度重視

　　Proper packaging and storage of hazardous waste is the "first line of defense" for pollution control, and all relevant units should attach great importance to it

　　危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制有哪些規(guī)范要點(diǎn)？

　　What are the key regulatory points for pollution control in hazardous waste storage?

　　01

　　01

　　危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存設(shè)施

　　Hazardous waste storage facilities

　　不應(yīng)露天堆放危險(xiǎn)廢物!應(yīng)根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物的類別、數(shù)量、形態(tài)、物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等因素，選擇貯存庫(kù)、貯存場(chǎng)、貯存池和貯存罐區(qū)等貯存設(shè)施，危險(xiǎn)廢物登記管理單位(小微單位)可以采用“貯存點(diǎn)”方式，但實(shí)時(shí)貯存量

　　Dangerous waste should not be piled up outdoors! Storage facilities such as warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, and storage tank areas should be selected based on factors such as the type, quantity, form, physical and chemical properties, and environmental risks of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste registration and management units (small and micro units) can use the "storage point" method, but real-time storage capacity is limited

　　不能超過(guò)3噸!

　　Cannot exceed 3 tons!

　　1.貯存?zhèn)}庫(kù)

　　1. Storage warehouse

　　應(yīng)根據(jù)要求設(shè)置必要的貯存

　　Necessary storage should be set up according to requirements

　　分區(qū)。

　　Partition.

　　分區(qū)之間可采用過(guò)道、隔板或

　　Corridors, partitions, or

　　隔墻等方式隔離。

　　Separate by partition walls or other means.

　　根據(jù)需要，設(shè)置液體泄漏堵截設(shè)施、滲濾液收集設(shè)施、

　　Set up liquid leakage interception facilities and leachate collection facilities as needed

　　氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設(shè)施。

　　Gas collection devices and gas purification facilities.

　　2.貯存罐區(qū)

　　2. Storage tank area

　　應(yīng)設(shè)置在圍堰內(nèi)

　　Should be set inside the cofferdam

　　圍堰應(yīng)進(jìn)行表面防滲、基礎(chǔ)防滲

　　The cofferdam should be subjected to surface anti-seepage and foundation anti-seepage measures

　　圍堰不能有缺口，容積應(yīng)至少滿足其內(nèi)部最大貯存罐發(fā)生意外泄漏時(shí)所需要的危險(xiǎn)廢物收集容積要求。

　　The cofferdam must not have any gaps, and its capacity should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside.

　　3.貯存池

　　3. Storage pool

　　用于貯存單一類別液態(tài)或半固態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)位于室內(nèi)或具有頂棚(蓋)防滲層應(yīng)覆蓋整個(gè)池體，并進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)防滲具有防止雨水、地面徑流等進(jìn)入，減少大氣污染物的無(wú)組織排放等的措施

　　The storage of single category liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste should be located indoors or covered with a waterproof layer that covers the entire pool, and basic anti-seepage measures should be taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering and reduce unorganized emissions of atmospheric pollutants

　　4.貯存場(chǎng)

　　4. Storage yard

　　用于貯存不易產(chǎn)生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的大宗危險(xiǎn)廢物。

　　Used for storing bulk hazardous waste that is not prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases.

　　應(yīng)設(shè)置徑流疏導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，整體或分區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)液體導(dǎo)流和收集設(shè)施。

　　A runoff diversion system should be established, and liquid diversion and collection facilities should be designed as a whole or in zones.

　　03

　　03

　　防滲要求

　　Anti leakage requirements

　　采用堅(jiān)固的材料建造，表面無(wú)裂縫液等接觸的構(gòu)筑物表面

　　Constructed with sturdy materials, the surface of the structure is free from cracks or contact with liquids

　　防滲、防腐材料應(yīng)覆蓋所有可能與廢物及其滲濾液、滲漏

　　The anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials should cover all possible waste, leachate, and leakage

　　表面防滲:應(yīng)與所接觸的物料或污染物相容，可采用抗?jié)B混凝土、高密度聚乙烯膜、鈉基膨潤(rùn)土防水毯或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　　Surface anti-seepage: It should be compatible with the materials or pollutants it comes into contact with, and can be made of anti-seepage concrete, high-density polyethylene film, sodium based bentonite waterproof blanket, or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　基礎(chǔ)防滲:防滲層為至少1m厚黏土層(滲透系數(shù)不大于107cm/s)，或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料(滲透系數(shù)不大于10-10cm/s)，或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　　Basic anti-seepage: The anti-seepage layer is at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 107cm/s), or at least 2mm thick artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　防雨要求

　　Rainproof requirements

　　不應(yīng)露天堆放危險(xiǎn)廢物!

　　Dangerous waste should not be piled up outdoors!

　　在貯存設(shè)施內(nèi)的，也應(yīng)防止雨水沖淋危險(xiǎn)廢物

　　In storage facilities, it is also necessary to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste

　　通過(guò)徑流疏導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，或其他防止雨水、地面徑流等進(jìn)入的措施，保證能防止當(dāng)?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入。

　　The runoff diversion system or other measures to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering shall be taken to prevent the inflow of local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years.

　　05

　　05

　　泄漏堵截要求

　　Leakage interception requirements

　　在貯存庫(kù)內(nèi)或通過(guò)貯存分區(qū)方式貯存液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物的，應(yīng)具有液體泄漏堵截設(shè)施，堵截設(shè)施最小容積不應(yīng)低于對(duì)應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域最大液態(tài)廢物容器容積或液態(tài)廢物總儲(chǔ)量1/10(二者取較大者);用于貯存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危險(xiǎn)廢物的貯存庫(kù)或貯存分區(qū)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)滲濾液收集設(shè)施，收集設(shè)施容積應(yīng)滿足滲濾液的收集要求。

　　If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity in the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger); Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection.

　　貯存罐區(qū)圍堰容積應(yīng)至少滿足其內(nèi)部最大貯存罐發(fā)生意外泄漏時(shí)所需要的危險(xiǎn)廢物收集容積要求。

　　The cofferdam volume of the storage tank area should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside.

　　貯存場(chǎng)可整體或分區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)液體(不僅指泄漏)導(dǎo)流和收集設(shè)施，收集設(shè)施容積應(yīng)保證在最不利條件下可以容納對(duì)應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的滲濾液、廢水等液態(tài)物質(zhì)。

　　The storage area can be designed with liquid (not just leakage) diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones. The volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions.

　　03101

　　03101

　　應(yīng)急

　　emergency

　　事故水池

　　Accident pool

　　氣體凈化要求

　　Gas purification requirements

　　貯存易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存庫(kù)，應(yīng)設(shè)置氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設(shè)施

　　Storage can easily generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste storage facilities for acid mist, toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities

　　分類收集、妥善包裝

　　Classify and collect, properly package

　　01

　　01

　　按廢物名稱，分類收集、分別記錄，即使是相同危廢代碼的不同廢物;有必要區(qū)分的不同產(chǎn)廢環(huán)節(jié)的，即使是同名稱廢物也應(yīng)分別收集、包裝和記錄。主要目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)“可查詢、可

　　Classify and collect waste according to their names, and record them separately, even for different wastes with the same hazardous waste code; It is necessary to distinguish between different waste production processes, and even waste with the same name should be collected, packaged, and recorded separately. The main purpose is to achieve 'searchable, searchable'

　　追溯”

　　Tracing back "

　　02

　　02

　　容器和包裝物

　　Containers and packaging materials

　　應(yīng)注意相容性，滿足防滲、防漏、防

　　Attention should be paid to compatibility, meeting the requirements of anti-seepage, leak proof, and leak proof

　　腐和強(qiáng)度等要求。

　　Requirements for corrosion and strength.

　　閉口包裝、封口嚴(yán)密。易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)裝時(shí)應(yīng)封口嚴(yán)密。

　　Closed packaging, tightly sealed. Easy to generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste containing acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be sealed tightly when packaged.

　　入閉口容器或包裝物內(nèi)貯存。柔性容器和包裝物堆疊碼放

　　Store in closed containers or packaging materials. Stacking and stacking flexible containers and packaging materials

　　無(wú)破損，不滲不漏，外表面應(yīng)保持清潔。強(qiáng)度上，不應(yīng)因堆疊碼放導(dǎo)致破損泄漏、明顯變形(硬質(zhì)容器和包裝物及其支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu))。

　　No damage, no leakage, and the outer surface should be kept clean. In terms of strength, there should be no damage, leakage, or significant deformation caused by stacking and stacking (hard containers and packaging materials and their supporting structures).

　　求，填寫、設(shè)置危險(xiǎn)廢物標(biāo)簽

　　Request, fill in, and set hazardous waste labels

　　按《HJ1276-2022危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志設(shè)置技術(shù)規(guī)范》要在常溫常壓下易爆、易燃及排出有毒氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，使之穩(wěn)定后貯存，否則應(yīng)按易爆、易燃危險(xiǎn)品貯存。

　　According to the Technical Specification for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Identification Marks (HJ1276-2022), hazardous waste that is explosive, flammable, or emits toxic gases at room temperature and pressure should be pre treated and stored after stabilization. Otherwise, it should be stored as explosive or flammable hazardous materials.

　　明確規(guī)范化管理制度

　　Clear and standardized management system

　　01.入庫(kù)核驗(yàn)

　　01. Inventory verification

　　危險(xiǎn)廢物存入貯存設(shè)施前應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)廢物類別和特性與危險(xiǎn)廢物標(biāo)簽等危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志的一致性進(jìn)行核驗(yàn)，不一致的或類別、特性不明的不應(yīng)存入。

　　Before storing hazardous waste in storage facilities, the consistency between the category and characteristics of hazardous waste and the identification marks such as hazardous waste labels should be verified. Inconsistent or unclear categories and characteristics should not be stored.

　　02.定期檢查

　　02. Regular inspection

　　應(yīng)定期檢查危險(xiǎn)廢物的貯存狀況，及時(shí)清理貯存設(shè)施地面，更換破損泄漏的危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存容器和包裝物，保證堆存危險(xiǎn)廢物的防雨、防風(fēng)、防揚(yáng)塵等設(shè)施功能完好。

　　Regular inspections should be conducted on the storage status of hazardous waste, and the floors of storage facilities should be cleaned in a timely manner. Damaged and leaking hazardous waste storage containers and packaging materials should be replaced to ensure that the rain, wind, and dust prevention facilities for storing hazardous waste are in good condition.

　　03.記錄臺(tái)賬

　　03. Record ledger

　　應(yīng)按《HJ1259 危險(xiǎn)廢物管理計(jì)劃和管理臺(tái)賬制定技術(shù)導(dǎo)

　　Technical guidance should be developed in accordance with the HJ1259 Hazardous Waste Management Plan and Management Ledger

　　則》建立危險(xiǎn)廢物管理臺(tái)賬并保存。

　　Establish a hazardous waste management ledger and keep it.

　　貯存設(shè)施所有者或運(yùn)營(yíng)者應(yīng)建立貯存設(shè)施全部檔案，包括設(shè)計(jì)、施工、驗(yàn)收、運(yùn)行、監(jiān)測(cè)和環(huán)境應(yīng)急等，應(yīng)按國(guó)家有關(guān)檔案管理的法律法規(guī)進(jìn)行整理和歸檔。

　　The owner or operator of a storage facility shall establish a complete archive of the storage facility, including design, construction, acceptance, operation, monitoring, and environmental emergency response, which shall be organized and archived in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations on archive management.

　　04.定期監(jiān)測(cè)

　　04. Regular monitoring

　　納入監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃

　　Include in monitoring plan

　　制定監(jiān)測(cè)方案

　　Develop monitoring plan

　　開(kāi)展自行監(jiān)測(cè)

　　Carry out self-monitoring

　　《HJ819 排污單位自行監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)指南 總則》險(xiǎn)廢物治理》

　　HJ819 Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - General Principles for Hazardous Waste Management

　　《HJ1250 排污單位自行監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)指南工業(yè)固體廢物和危

　　HJ1250 Technical Guidelines for Self Monitoring of Pollutant Discharge Units - Industrial Solid Waste and Hazardous Materials

　　05.應(yīng)急防范

　　05. Emergency prevention

　　做好應(yīng)急預(yù)案

　　Prepare emergency plans

　　編制突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案，定期開(kāi)展必要的培訓(xùn)和環(huán)境

　　Develop emergency response plans for sudden environmental incidents, regularly conduct necessary training and environmental assessments

　　應(yīng)急演練，并做好培訓(xùn)、演練記錄。

　　Emergency drills and keep records of training and drills.

　　配置物資和人員

　　Configure materials and personnel

　　貯存設(shè)施所有者或運(yùn)營(yíng)者應(yīng)配備滿足其突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急要求的應(yīng)急人員、裝備和物資，并應(yīng)設(shè)置應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)。

　　Owners or operators of storage facilities should be equipped with emergency personnel, equipment, and materials that meet their requirements for sudden environmental incidents, and should also install emergency lighting systems.

　　自然災(zāi)害或惡劣天氣時(shí)

　　During natural disasters or adverse weather conditions

　　相關(guān)部門發(fā)布自然災(zāi)害或惡劣天氣預(yù)警后，貯存設(shè)施所有

　　After the relevant departments issue natural disaster or severe weather warnings, all storage facilities are

　　者或運(yùn)營(yíng)者應(yīng)啟動(dòng)相應(yīng)防控措施，若有必要可將危險(xiǎn)廢物

　　The person or operator should initiate corresponding prevention and control measures, and if necessary, dispose of hazardous waste

　　轉(zhuǎn)移至其他具有防護(hù)條件的地點(diǎn)貯存。

　　Transfer to other locations with protective conditions for storage.

　　貫徹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、持續(xù)達(dá)標(biāo)

　　Implement standards and continuously meet them

　　相關(guān)單位應(yīng)根據(jù)自身實(shí)際情況，對(duì)照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求全面評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的應(yīng)切實(shí)提標(biāo)改造，強(qiáng)化智慧監(jiān)管，強(qiáng)化規(guī)范運(yùn)行，確保危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制持續(xù)達(dá)標(biāo)。

　　Relevant units should comprehensively assess risks based on their own actual situation and standard requirements. Those that do not meet the standard requirements should be effectively upgraded and renovated, strengthen intelligent supervision, enhance standardized operation, and ensure that the pollution control of hazardous waste storage continues to meet the standards.